Subprime lending, also called "B-Paper," "near-prime," or "second chance" lending, is a general term that refers to the practice of making loans to borrowers who do not qualify for market interest rates because of problems with their credit history. A subprime loan is one that is offered at a rate higher than A-paper loans due to the increased risk. Subprime lending encompasses a variety of credit instruments, including subprime mortgages, subprime car loans, and subprime credit cards, among others.

Subprime lending is typically defined by the status of borrowers. A subprime loan is, by definition, a loan made to someone who could not qualify for a more favorable rate. Subprime borrowers typically have low credit scores and histories of payment delinquencies, charge-offs, or bankruptcies. Because subprime borrowers are considered at higher risk to default, subprime loans typically have less favorable terms than their traditional counterparts. These terms may include higher interest rates, regular fees, or an up-front charge.